From bending DNA to diabetes: the curious case of HMGA1

Journal of Biology

Table 1 Insulin resistance 'subphenotypes' seen in humans and mice with deficiency or mutations of HMGA1 or INSR*

*Tg, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; IGFBP1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; RBP, retinol binding protein. ^†Representative of patients with Rabson Mendenhall syndrome, in which there is approximately 90% loss of INSR function. ^‡No strictly Insr hypomorphic mice with 10% residual receptor function have been reported, so results are inferred from related models, such as a conditional peripheral Insr knockout and an Insr mosaic knockout.