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  1. Drosophila melanogaster females have two X chromosomes and two autosome sets (XX;AA), while males have a single X chromosome and two autosome sets (X;AA). Drosophila male somatic cells compensate for a single cop...

    Authors: Vaijayanti Gupta, Michael Parisi, David Sturgill, Rachel Nuttall, Michael Doctolero, Olga K Dudko, James D Malley, P Scott Eastman and Brian Oliver
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2006 5:3
  2. Vertebrate neural crest cells are multipotent and differentiate into structures that include cartilage and the bones of the face, as well as much of the peripheral nervous system. Understanding how different m...

    Authors: Lisa A Taneyhill and Marianne Bronner-Fraser
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2006 4:10
  3. Development of the eye depends partly on the periocular mesenchyme derived from the neural crest (NC), but the fate of NC cells in mammalian eye development and the signals coordinating the formation of ocular...

    Authors: Lars M Ittner, Heiko Wurdak, Kerstin Schwerdtfeger, Thomas Kunz, Fabian Ille, Per Leveen, Tord A Hjalt, Ueli Suter, Stefan Karlsson, Farhad Hafezi, Walter Born and Lukas Sommer
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:11
  4. During the translation of mRNA into polypeptide, elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of the ribosome. According to the 'classical' model, EF-G ...

    Authors: Andrey V Zavialov, Vasili V Hauryliuk and MÃ¥ns Ehrenberg
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:9
  5. Translocation of peptidyl-tRNA and mRNA within the ribosome during protein synthesis is promoted by the elongation factor EF-G and by the hydrolysis of GTP. A new study reports that EF-G binds to ribosomes as ...

    Authors: Christopher S Fraser and John WB Hershey
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:8
  6. Information from careful measurements of the affinity of ribosome-associated proteins for GTP and GDP, and from structural analyses, suggests that elongation factor-G must assume three different structures dur...

    Authors: Pete Moore
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:7
  7. Large-scale studies have revealed networks of various biological interaction types, such as protein-protein interaction, genetic interaction, transcriptional regulation, sequence homology, and expression corre...

    Authors: Lan V Zhang, Oliver D King, Sharyl L Wong, Debra S Goldberg, Amy HY Tong, Guillaume Lesage, Brenda Andrews, Howard Bussey, Charles Boone and Frederick P Roth
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:6
  8. Analysis of a yeast network that integrates five interaction datasets reveals the presence of large topological structures reflecting biological themes.

    Authors: Jonathan B Weitzman
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:4
  9. Structure-function analysis of the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein in frog embryos has defined sequences that regulate Dsh nuclear localization, which proves critical for Wnt signaling.

    Authors: Jonathan B Weitzman
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:1
  10. Dishevelled (Dsh) is a key component of multiple signaling pathways that are initiated by Wnt secreted ligands and Frizzled receptors during embryonic development. Although Dsh has been detected in a number of...

    Authors: Keiji Itoh, Barbara K Brott, Gyu-Un Bae, Marianne J Ratcliffe and Sergei Y Sokol
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2005 4:3
  11. It is widely supposed that the tissue specificity of gene expression indicates gene function. Now, an extensive analysis of gene expression in the mouse reveals that quantitative measurement of expression leve...

    Authors: Chris Holmes and Steve DM Brown
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:20
  12. Large-scale quantitative analysis of transcriptional co-expression has been used to dissect regulatory networks and to predict the functions of new genes discovered by genome sequencing in model organisms such...

    Authors: Wen Zhang, Quaid D Morris, Richard Chang, Ofer Shai, Malina A Bakowski, Nicholas Mitsakakis, Naveed Mohammad, Mark D Robinson, Ralph Zirngibl, Eszter Somogyi, Nancy Laurin, Eftekhar Eftekharpour, Eric Sat, Jörg Grigull, Qun Pan, Wen-Tao Peng…
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:21
  13. Centromere function is remarkably conserved between species, yet the satellite sequences that make up centromeric DNA are highly divergent. Proteins that bind these sequences appear to be evolving under positi...

    Authors: Gregory P Copenhaver
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:17
  14. Analysis of knockout mice has brought into question the previously proposed role of the phosphatidylserine receptor (Ptdsr) in the clearance of apoptotic cell corpses, and has suggested important functions in ...

    Authors: Jonathan B Weitzman
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:13
  15. Centromeres represent the last frontiers of plant and animal genomics. Although they perform a conserved function in chromosome segregation, centromeres are typically composed of repetitive satellite sequences...

    Authors: Paul B Talbert, Terri D Bryson and Steven Henikoff
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:18
  16. Comparative analysis of the proteins that bind exclusively at the centromere provides evidence of an evolutionary battle that may make sense of sex.

    Authors: Pete Moore
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:16
  17. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is fundamental to animal development, immune function and cellular homeostasis. The phosphatidylserine receptor (Ptdsr) on phagocytes has been implicated in the recognition and ...

    Authors: Jens Böse, Achim D Gruber, Laura Helming, Stefanie Schiebe, Ivonne Wegener, Martin Hafner, Marianne Beales, Frank Köntgen and Andreas Lengeling
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:15
  18. Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway during lung development in mouse embryos causes some cells to develop a gut-like phenotype. These findings are reminiscent of classical embryological experi...

    Authors: Julie Clayton
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:9
  19. The phenomenon of metaplasia, in which one tissue type is converted into another, is beginning to be explained in molecular terms. The transformation of lung to intestinal tissue has not previously been descri...

    Authors: Jonathan MW Slack
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:10
  20. Drafting in cetaceans is defined as the transfer of forces between individuals without actual physical contact between them. This behavior has long been surmised to explain how young dolphin calves keep up wit...

    Authors: Daniel Weihs
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2004 3:8
  21. The retroviral Gag protein is the central player in the process of virion assembly at the plasma membrane, and is sufficient to induce the formation and release of virus-like particles. Recent evidence suggest...

    Authors: Margaret Q Wang, Wankee Kim, Guangxia Gao, Ted A Torrey, Herbert C Morse III, Pietro De Camilli and Stephen P Goff
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 3:4
  22. A large-scale screen in Drosophila cells has shown how RNA interference can provide insights into the pathways controlling cell morphology.

    Authors: Jonathan B Weitzman
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:23
  23. The tumor suppressor gene product LKB1 has been identified as the upstream activating kinase for the stress-responsive AMP-activated kinase, providing a link between regulators of cellular metabolism and cell ...

    Authors: Pete Moore
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:24
  24. The diversity of metazoan cell shapes is influenced by the dynamic cytoskeletal network. With the advent of RNA-interference (RNAi) technology, it is now possible to screen systematically for genes controlling...

    Authors: AA Kiger, B Baum, S Jones, MR Jones, A Coulson, C Echeverri and N Perrimon
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:27
  25. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascade is a sensor of cellular energy charge that acts as a 'metabolic master switch' and inhibits cell proliferation. Activation requires phosphorylation of Thr172 of ...

    Authors: Simon A Hawley, Jérôme Boudeau, Jennifer L Reid, Kirsty J Mustard, Lina Udd, Tomi P Mäkelä, Dario R Alessi and D Grahame Hardie
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:28
  26. Functional genomic screening for new components of the signaling pathway that is triggered when T cells are activated has identified novel signaling molecules that are potential drug targets.

    Authors: Diane Martindale
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:17
  27. The activation of T cells, mediated by the T-cell receptor (TCR), activates a battery of specific membrane-associated, cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Identifying the signaling proteins downstream of TCR activ...

    Authors: Peter Chu, Jorge Pardo, Haoran Zhao, Connie C Li, Erlina Pali, Mary M Shen, Kunbin Qu, Simon X Yu, Betty CB Huang, Peiwen Yu, Esteban S Masuda, Susan M Molineaux, Frank Kolbinger, Gregorio Aversa, Jan de Vries, Donald G Payan…
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:21
  28. Studies in Drosophila have revealed the Forkhead-family transcription factor FOXO to be a crucial mediator of the branch of the insulin-signaling pathway that controls cell number.

    Authors: Pete Moore
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:16
  29. Forkhead transcription factors belonging to the FOXO subfamily are negatively regulated by protein kinase B (PKB) in response to signaling by insulin and insulin-like growth factor in Caenorhabditis elegans and m...

    Authors: Martin A Jünger, Felix Rintelen, Hugo Stocker, Jonathan D Wasserman, Mátyás Végh, Thomas Radimerski, Michael E Greenberg and Ernst Hafen
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:20
  30. Despite the widespread view that the effects of mutations are exacerbated by environmental stresses, some stresses have been found to alleviate the effects of mutations in bacteria.

    Authors: Pete Moore
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:10
  31. Mutations are the ultimate fuel for evolution, but most mutations have a negative effect on fitness. It has been widely accepted that these deleterious fitness effects are, on average, magnified in stressful e...

    Authors: Santiago F Elena and J Arjan GM de Visser
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:12
  32. The strategy of using 'phylogenetic footprinting' to find regulatory sites that are conserved between pairs of related complex genomes has led to the development of a suite of computational tools that succeed ...

    Authors: Jonathan B Weitzman
    Citation: Journal of Biology 2003 2:9